England opener Alex Hales is also ruled out of Wednesday's match at the Kia Oval, although Ashes selection will proceed as planned and their availability is not affected at this stage.
"Ben Stokes and Alex Hales will not be available for tomorrow's One-Day International match against West Indies at The Oval," read an official statement.
"Stokes was arrested in the early hours of Monday morning, 25 September, following an incident in Bristol.
"He was held overnight and released under investigation - without charge - late on Monday and will not join the team in London.
"Hales, who was with Stokes on Sunday night, did not train this morning and has returned voluntarily to Bristol today to help Police with their enquiries.
"You will understand that we cannot offer further detail at this stage but will provide any updates when we can."
Avon and Somerset Police were asked for a statement on the incident and they confirmed the following:
"We were called to a disorder in Queens Road, Clifton, at around 2.35am on Monday (25 September).
"A 27-year-old man was found to have suffered facial injuries and was taken to the Bristol Royal Infirmary for treatment.
"A 26-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of causing actual bodily harm and has since been released under investigation."
