This excerpt from business insider:
The world's second-largest economy isn't growing, producing, or trading as much as it usually does.
The pandemic rebound that China and the rest of the world were anticipating has yet to materialize, and official data suggests there's a long road ahead before the economy is back on its feet.
China's National Bureau of Statistics announced Wednesday that consumer prices dropped annually in Julyfor the first time in two years, dipping 0.3%, just slightly better than median estimates for a 0.4% decrease.
The People's Bank of China is now facing the opposite problem of the Federal Reserve, which has tightened policy for 18 months in a bid to tame soaring prices. Deflation — the trend of prices falling throughout the economy — presents a particularly dangerous trajectory for China, which carries a massive amount of debt.
Deflation means the real value of debt goes up," David Dollar, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute's China center, told Insider. "High inflation we know is bad, but it does help manage debt burdens over time. Deflation does the opposite."
Bloomberg estimates total household, business, and government debt at about 282% of annual economic output.
The latest figures add to the anxiety that's already been swirling about what growth could look like for the rest of the year, and JPMorgan strategists cautioned that China risks a 1990s-style "Japanification" if policymakers don't address the housing market, financial imbalances, and aging demographics.
Officials in Beijing have urged experts not to portray data unfavorably, according to the Financial Times, asking economists to "interpret bad news from a positive light."
The numbers make this difficult:
- Year-to-date, China's exports are down 5% compared to last year, while imports have dipped 7.6%
- Manufacturing activity has contracted for four straight months
- July exports declined at the sharpest rate in three years, at 14.5% annually
"Before the pandemic, China was growing at about 6%, and now it's struggling to recover," Dollar said. "Consumption really didn't hold up coming out of the lockdown. The main components of GDP on the demand side — consumption, investment, net exports — they all have serious problems right now."