US domestic imports are $3.4 trillion. So let’s suppose tariffs end at 15% on average. They should go lower as exporting countries negotiate their own deals, so 15% seems like a reasonable estimate.
But imported goods are only 20% of domestic consumption. So the effect on the US pocket book is a 3% increase in costs. About equal to one year of inflation…..one time.
But of course this is a maximum effect. Chat estimates somewhere between 70% to 100% will be passed to consumers. The way the auto companies have been holding their prices suggests it might even be below the range. The advent of tariffs is a motivator to make some ‘difficult’ cost savings and preserve pricing. I don’t think 60% is unreasonable as retailers put pressure on manufacturers who put pressure on suppliers.
That scales the effect back to 1.8% one time. But there’s more, there is often the alternative of a cheaper but still very satisfactory domestic alternative, which might even be below the cost of the import without the tariff. Again putting further pressure on exporters to maintain prices.
Quite likely the tariff effect will be somewhere between 1% to 2% as a one time effect on the economy. It will also create some shift towards domestic alternatives and considerable investment in the US to serve the attractive US market without tariffs. And in addition there is the tariff revenue of 15% of $3.4 trillion or $510 billion into the government coffers, which could reduce the budget deficit by 25%.
How bad a deal is this really! That hinges more on relationships. Will this drive the US and its traditional allies apart. Or will it foster closer engagement through investing to serve the US market and opening of foreign markets to US goods?
That question will take some time to answer. But the the prospect of losing the US market may very well cause it to be valued more not less. And while some of these discussions have turned sour, Canada for example, others suggest new relationships are being forged.